This focused attention on the importance of subgrade compaction, leading to the modified proctor compaction test in 1946. Im 309 determining standard proctor moisture density relationship of soils. Measures density of soil for comparing the degree of compaction vs specs. There are many types of soil compaction tests which are performed on soil.
Manual of soil laboratory testing 314 every different degree of compaction on a particular soil results in a different compaction curve, each with unique values of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density. Hence, the fills or embankments are compacted in several layers, called lifts. Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in foot pounds per cubic foot of soil. The required calculations are detailed on form it 625 lines 1623. Chapter 6 standard test procedures determination of insitu density may 2001 page 6. Soil compaction is a consequence of urbanization and other human activities such as forest harvesting, pipeline installation, construction, amenity land use, wildlife trampling, intensive use of heavy machinery, grazing, short crop rotations, and other types of deficient management brevik and fenton, 2012. Nd d 2167 density and unit weight of soil in place by the rubberballoon method. Unconfined compression test purpose, procedure, lab report. Evaluation of laboratory compaction procedures for specification of. Methods of testing compaction of soil standard proctors test for compaction of soil.
This provides the designer with assurance that the specified level of compaction will achieve the degree of improvement required. In geotechnical engineering, soil compactionis the process in which a stress applied to a soilcauses densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains. Effective depth of soil compaction in relation to applied compactive energy wisconsin highway research program results for coarsegrained soils, loose lift thickness up to 0. Sand replacement method compaction test and calculations road construction civil engineering. The qaqc inspector shall be responsible for the necessary inspections and tests to be carried out for all the activities involved in the excavation, such as excavation bottom compaction test and as per the inspection test plan itp. With required test data available, p roceed from left. This user guide has been developed to highlight the use of the dcp by mndot it provides complete fabri cation and test procedure information, discusses the applications of dcp data, and outlines the many methods and correlations available for analyzing dcp results. May 14, 20 objective for determination of the relation between the water content and the dry density of soils using light compaction. Attachment i lists the test methods that will be used to test soils, granular soil, and aggregates. Stepbystep procedure the following procedure is used to conduct the test.
Compaction is the process of densification of soil by reducing air voids. The test procedures are published in pdf format and may be accessed and printed upon acceptance of this agreement. Site investigation prior to commencement of any road construction project involving site formation work, site investigation is carried out to establish the geological profile along the road alignment. The most common is the proctor test, or modified proctor test. Method statement for excavation compaction and backfilling. It can be seen from this figure that the compaction curve is not a unique soil characteristic. Quality control of soil compaction astm international. Surface compaction compaction that occurs in the surface plow layer. Field density test fdt 7 methods and their comparison. Field density test of soil by sand replacement method. Soil compaction testing otherwise known as density tests are performed in order to determine the soil compaction level. The driving force behind the compaction problem is the efforts of.
Standard proctor compaction testing can be performed in a lab. To assess the amount of compaction of soil and water content required in the field, compaction tests are done on the same soil in the laboratory. Each test procedure has a separate learning module. Astm d 4253 maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table.
Compaction definitions soil compaction decrease in soil volume and porosity, or increase in soil bulk density, due to mechanical stress on soil, for example, from traffic of agricultural machinery. Mixture design and testing procedures for lime stabilized soil october 2006 criteria. Compaction equipment can efficiently compact the soil up to a limited depth. So this read explains in depth, the significance, background, apparatus and procedure of the standard proctor test. It is normal procedure to test treated ground during the progress of the compaction works for control purposes to assess the effectiveness of the treatment. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry density by removal of air voids. These generally involve compacting soil into a mould at various moisture contents. Nd t 224 correction for coarse particles in the soil compaction test.
One of the most common test to determine the field density of soil is the sandcone method. Jan 27, 2019 maximum dry density of soil is determined in the laboratory with the help of standard proctor test standardized by astm d698 and aashto t99. Moisture content at which a soil can be compacted to its. Dry density of soil by core cutter method for soil compaction. In this study, a laboratory procedure is devised to determine the maximum. Reclamation has not published a procedure for implementing corrections. Evaluation of laboratory compaction procedures for. Compaction of soil at maximum dry density is required in many engineering projects. The moisture content dry density relationship of the soil obtained from proctors test forms the basis for. Normally sand replacement method is adopted for this purpose.
Cbr test procedure california bearing ratio for road design. Begin by attaching the remote scale guide if used to the anvil area. Compaction of the subsoil affects a range of soil functions and ecosystem services. C6 test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates c670 practice for preparing precision and bias statements for test methods for construction materials d653 terminology relating to soil, rock, and contained fluids d698 test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft3600 kn. An alternative to compacting a single sample using a specified compaction method see 5. The compacting factor test is performed to find out the workability of concrete. For instance, a compaction test similar to the bs light test but using, say, 50 blows per layer. Soil compaction can easily reduce crop yields by 10 percent, and can lead to water and soil quality degradation due to increased runoff and soil structure destruction.
By using core cutter method, bulk density of soil can be quickly calculated and by determining the moisture content of the soil the dry density of the fill can. Aug 23, 2018 proctor compaction test, soil proctor test full procedure, mdd omc test, standard proctor test,modified proctor hi friends, in this video we are showing full procedure of proctor test specially. Astm d7380 15 standard test method for soil compaction. The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture. Below you will find a few different examples of how a soil compaction test can be performed. A great deal of judgment is required when performing such work. Fundamentals of soil compaction intelligent compaction. The lowest percentage of lime in soil that produces a laboratory ph of 12. Where l and d are the length and diameter of soil specimen, respectively. Compaction of soil test methods and effect on properties. Standard proctor test procedure apparatus calculation.
Determination of water contentdry density relation using light compaction. A typical field testing procedure to determine the load bearing capacity of t he prepared groundin this instance several feet of a clay loam fill compacted with a. Soil mechanics laboratory compaction test light weightstandard proctor compaction is 2720part vii1980 reaffirmed2011 theory. Slump test doesnt give accurate results for the low workability of concrete when the slump is compaction of soil. Compaction factor test of concrete for low workability concrete. Indian institute of technology gandhinagar department of. Sand replacement method is also known as sand cone method. If the soil is plastic in your hand, leaves small traces of moisture on your fingers and stays in one piece when dropped, it has too much moisture for compaction. The dry density is maximum at the optimum water content. The testing first determines the maximum density achievable for the soil and uses it as a reference for field testing.
For soil compaction in agriculture, see soil compaction agriculture, for natural compaction on a geologic scale, see compaction geology. When stress is applied that causes densification due to water or other liquid being displaced from between the soil grains, then consolidation, not compaction, has occurred. In geotechnical engineering, soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil causes densification as air is displaced from. Alternative compaction recommendations are also presented based on txdots tx 1e compaction procedure. Cpt or spt which may form part of the final assurance testing. Obtain utility clearance prior to conducting any test 2. Different types of field density test are being practiced in different parts of the world for evaluation of insitu soil compaction and knowing the relative degree of compaction. Dry density of soil by core cutter method cylindrical core cutters of mm long and 100mm diameter are used for testing the insitu compaction of cohesive and clay soils placed as fill.
Therefore, there is a need for corrections on the degree of compaction. Choose a test site on the compacted layer of soil or soil mixture represented by the one. Pdf compaction of soil at maximum dry density is required in many engineering projects. This density correction is made in accordance with aashto t 224, correction for coarse particles in the soil compaction test. Compaction curves should be prepared for all types of soil in the project area, before earthwork commences.
The number of passes needed to achieve the desired compaction depends on the lift thickness, contact pressure, and soil moisture content. Compaction test of soil is also known as proctors test is done to understand. If different soils are mixed, then check points should be calculated to ascertain the optimum moisture level for the soil mixture being placed and tested. This compaction is a comparison of the laboratory compaction proctor to the field density and recorded as a percentage.
Soils field testing dig a hole with the auger, trowel, or other tools test hole must be approx. The california bearing ratio test is penetration test meant for the evaluation of subgrade strength of roads and pavements. Astm d4959 standard test method for determination of water moisture content of soil by direct heating astm d5030 standard test method for density of soil and rock in place by the water replacement method in a test pit astm d5080 standard test method for rapid determination of percent compaction astm d5084 standard test methods for. Soils field testing sample size required test method a method d one point 7 lbs 25 lbs multi point 35 lbs 125 lbs procedures methodaord t. Most contractors get a feel for these figures, based on their local experience. Fdt which is acronym of field density test is a quality control test carried out at site for knowing the increased density or compaction achieved at site on the soil. Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of compaction. Laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort. Standard proctor test, proctor compaction test, calculation. Proctor soil compaction test procedures, tools and results. Dry density of soil compaction test by core cutter method and calculations road construction civil. D1557 12 standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modi. Embankmentsubgrade testing procedures direct transmission method 1 the test site must be properly selected and prepared.
Very often, samples are taken by borehole drilling for tests including, particle size. Both the original and modified here the modified proctor compaction test 1946. But it has a major limitation that this test is not suitable for saturated and soft soils. Generally before any soil compaction occurs various samples of the proposed embankment or fill is analyzed in the lab. By downloading files from this ftp service, you are agreeing to this license agreement. If you are dealing with a contractor who has not previously worked in the area, you should be wary.
The standard proctor approximates the compaction effort achieved by earlier generations of compaction equipment. Method of test for determining suitability of materials for overlayment and repair of portland cement concrete pavements and structures. Test methods, frequency of testing and criteria for acceptance should be agreed at tender stage. The line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85% saturation and the optimum moisture content decreases with increasing compactive effort. The cbr test is one of the most commonly used methods to evaluate the strength of a sub grade soil, sub base, and base course material for design of thickness for highways and airfield pavement. Method of test for relative compaction of polymer concrete utilizing nuclear gauges. In geotechnical engineering, soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil causes densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains. The degree of compaction of a given soil is measured in terms of its dry density. Jul 26, 2018 mdd test of soil proctor compaction test as per is code 2720 part7 maximum dry density viral duration. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in footpounds per cubic foot of soil. The number of drops required to drive the cone a distance of 3. In other words, the density is a comparison of the weight of one cubic foot of material in the field.
The field density test of soil is conducted in the field to know whether the specified compaction is achieved or not. Procedure take a representative sample of air dried soil of about 5 kg soil not susceptible to crushing during compaction or 3 kg from 15 kg sample soil susceptible to crushing during compaction passing through 19mm is sieve and mix thoroughly with a. Test procedures texas department of transportation. Quality control testing during treatment often involves insitu penetration tests e. Refer to the manufacturers operators manual to determine any restrictions for the. It is similar to the british standard heavy compaction test. The apparatus used in this field density test consists of a sand pouring cylinder, with pouring cone at its.
Guidelines for earthwork construction control testing of gravelly soils. The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. For this reason it is important when giving values of. Mdd is the maximum dry density obtained from the compaction test used as the standard for the particular layer. Cut a soil specimen so that the ratio ld is approximately between 2 and 2.
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